Improved apparatus foe rendering lard and tallow



A. BROADNAX.

Rendering Apparatus. No. 69,897. Patented Oct. 15, 1867.

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All. PNOTO-LITHOCILNX. (OSIORNE'S PROCESS.)

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IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RENDERING LARD AND TALLOW.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAYCONCERN= Be'it known that I, AMOS BROADNAX, of-thecity and county and State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Rendering Apparatus; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the annexed drawing, making part of thisspecification, in -which Figure 1 is a vertical section through thecentre of said improved apparatus, and the upper part of Figure? shows ahorizontal section taken on the line A B, and the lower part of saidfigure illustrates a section taken on the line C D. I I Y My inventionconsists of a novel methodof applying the heat to a rendering-tank, andalso in a more eilicie'nt method of regulating the heat applied to suchapparatus, and of disposing of the noxious gases and vapors.

In .the drawing, P P represents the tank, which is composed of boileriron, or may be made of cast iron, but I think boiler iron mostsuitable, for of this last-mentioned material the tank can be made muchiighter and more sensitive to the heat, and I think cheaper than solarge a vessel could be made of cast iron. I The drawing shows this tankmade with three flues,ff, through it, but it is obvious that these fiucsmay be increased or decreased in number or size, orthoy mayfberomittedaltogether. Their object being to increase the heating or renderingsurface of the tank, their number and size must of course beproportioned to the size of the apparatus and the work it is intended toaccomplish. The tank is also provided with a'mau-hole, through which thecharge to be rendered is introduced. This man-hole'is shown by O; and atK a nozzle is shown, through which the refuse is discharged after therendering is accomplished Both of these holes or nozzles must of coursebe fitted with plates duly secured to make them tight, the same as inthe case of the ordinary steam-rendering tank, unless the tank is to beused as an open kettle, in which case the cover is to be left loose onthe hole a. This tank I put into a heating-chamber, represented in thedrawing by H, and arrange it so as to leave a line on every side of it,as shown by X, supporting the tank on brackets, k, riveted or boltedthereto, which brackets on the tank are arranged to bear oncorresponding brackets riveted to the plate 0 O, which form the chamberin which the tank is set. I This chamber I propose to form of ironplates, as shown by 0. It may, however, be made of brick-work, though Ithink iron the best material, and either wrought orcast iron may beused, but the bottom plate should, think, he of cast iron, and should bethicker than the side plates, and should be made with T-shap'ed-ribs onits bottom side, leaving spaces between them of from six inches to afoot wide, which should be filled with fire-bricks or clay to keep itfrom being burned out; and said bottom plate should also be made orfitted with registers or dampers m m arranged to open and close so as toregulate the admission of heat from the furnace S tothe chamber Xaroundthe tank. This chamber X, in which the tank is pla ied, and which is soformed by the plates 0,-I place or build in a chamber, Y, formed bybrick walls, and so'arrauge it as to have a flue or space, Y, onth'eoutside and top of the plates 0, covering the top of this chamber eitherwith an iron plate covered'with brick or with brick-work, as may be mosteconomical and eiiicient, making holes C and D in the two limp platesover the holec in the tank to afford means of access to the tanks. Thesetanks, instead of being made cylindrical, may be made squarcjor long,deep, and narrow, and a number of them may be placed inonerheatingchamber, instead of one, as shown in the drawing. By'thescmeans a large rendering surface can he obtained without the use of thefluesff, while at the same time the apparatus would be substantially thesame, the tank being merely changed in form.

Now, in operating. this apparatus, after the tank has been duly chargedwith fat the dampers m are opened and the heat is allowed to flow in thechamber directly from the furnace, until the temperature in the tankshas been raised as high as it can be raisedwithout burning the fat. Thedampers or registers m are then closed and the heat from the furnaceflows up through the chamber or flues Y, by which the temperature in thechamber X is maintained 'uniformly until the charge is rendered; butsho'uldthe temperature in the tank accidentally get toohigh the damper tis"to be opened, by which a current of cold air is admitted through thenozzle Zinto -,thc'chamber X around the tank, the last-mentioned chamberbeing fitted with said nozzle for that purpose, and

said chamber X is also fitted with a damper, b, by which the draughtfrom the furnace through said chamber is regulated, as well as thedraught of cold air through the nozzle l, the draught through thechamber Y being regulated by the damper a in the chimney. Thetemperature in the tank is ascertained by means of a thermometer, R,introduced into the tank and encased in a close tube, which tube shouldbe filled with mercury to maintain the sensibility of the thermometer;and the temperature of the chamber X is ascertained by means of athermometer, 1, fitted therein for that purpose. The registers in in theplate 0 are represented in the drawing as being made circular, andarranged under the tank so that when open the heat will strike thebottom of the tank. But a better way of making these registers is tomake them in the form of a segment of a circle, that is, the openings,making the covers to correspond in form, and connecting them together,so that they can all be opened an equal distance simultaneously, bywhich the heat can be uniformly distributed on all sides of the tank,and they should be arranged as nearly under the fines X as possible, sothat the heat can strike up the flue instead of against the bottom ofthe tank, which in that case would be likely to become excessivelyheated.

In rendering fat in this apparatus there will be generated certainnoxious gases and vapors, which it is necessary to dispose of in such amanner as to avoid the nuisance which would ensue were the gases allowedto escape in the building or open atmosphere. These gases and vapors Ipropose to consume, either by carrying them through the pipez'i to acoil of pipe in the furnace, as shown by T S, perforating the coil toallow the gas or steam to escape in the furnace in small jets forconsumption, or by leaving the cover off the tank, making it in fact anopen tank, and leaving the steam and gas go off as fast as generated andpass up through the furnace M in the chimney above the apparatus, whereit will be consumed. In practice, however, this furnace should have aseparate flue, leaving the main chimney clear of obstruction. In the useof this apparatus the fat is rendered by a dry heat without the aid ofsteam either in an open or a close tank, so there can be no danger ofexplosion, as there is little or no pressure in the apparatus even whenclosed, nor is there any accompanying boiler to supply steam; nor isthere any steam generated in the tank to aid to carry on the renderingof the fat; nor is there any danger of burning the fat, for thetemperature can be regulated perfectly; and, moreover, the apparatus ischeap and simple, and supplies an ei'iieient method of disposing of thenoxious gases and vapors by all of which means I get a very superiorquality of fat dry and free from water, and at the same time I do notmake my establishment a nuisance.

What I claim, therefore, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Rendering fat with a dry fire heat, either in an open or a closetank, by enclosing said tank in a heating chamber so made and arrangedas to entirely surround the same, substantially as described.

2. Combining a dry-rendering apparatus in a dry-heating chamber made ofmetal, and placing said dry metal heating-chamber in a brick chamberover the fire or furnace, and so arranged as to leave a flue around themetal chamber, substantially as described.

3. The use of the intervening plate S, either with or without thefire-bricks or clay facing between the furnace and the tank, by whichthe fire can be entirely excluded from the tank.

4. Arranging an open rendering-tank in a heating-chamber made toentirely enclose it, and arranged to allow the gas and vapor to escapein the chimney under a furnace, substantially as described.

5. In combination with a l'cnderingtnnk, the use of a thermometerarranged in a tube in said tank, filled with mercury, substantially asdescribed.

6. The use of a ventilator, in combination with a rendering-tankenclosed in a hcating-chamber for the purpose of reducing thetemperature in said chamber, substantially as described.

7. Making an interveuingfiue between the tank and the fire-flue to aidin regulating the application of heat to the tank, substantially asdescribed.

8. Connecting the steam and gas-discharge pipe of a renderingapparatuswith a large separate chamber or pipe S, arranged in the melting-furnaceof the apparatus, to allow the steam and gas to expand and heat in saidchamber or pipe in the furnace after it leaves the diseharge-pipe, andbefore its consumption.

AMOS BROADNAX.

Witnesses:

PETER D. KENNY, H. S. FIRMAN.

